Four famous buildings in ancient China

● Yellow Crane Tower

Known as the head of the three buildings in the south of the Yangtze River, the original site is in the Yellow Crane Alum Head of Snake Mountain in Wuchang, Hubei, according to legend, it was built in the two years of Wu Huangwu of the Three Kingdoms (223 AD), the Yellow Crane Tower has been repeatedly built for more than 1700 years, and the last time it was destroyed in the fire of Guangxu ten years (1884) in the Qing Dynasty. There are many legends in the famous building, so it makes it even more magical.

According to the record of "Ji En Lu", the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel opened by the Xin family, and in order to thank her for the grace of a thousand cups, a priest drew a crane on the wall before leaving, telling it that it could come down and dance to help the fun. Since then, the number of guests has been full and business has been prosperous. After 10 years, the Taoist priest returned, took the flute and played, and the Taoist priest stepped on the yellow crane and went straight to the clouds. In order to commemorate the immortal who helped her get rich, Xin set up a building in its place and named it "Yellow Crane Tower".

The above is, of course, myths and legends. During the Three Kingdoms, the building was built on the top of the Lujiang River, first out of military needs, but later it gradually became a tourist attraction for literati to gather, feast, meet friends, chant poetry, and enjoy the scenery. Celebrities of the past dynasties such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Xia Zhu, Lu You, etc. have visited here successively, chanted poems and composed endowments. The Tang Dynasty poet Cui Hao climbed the Yellow Crane Tower to enjoy the scenery and wrote a famous poem "Yellow Crane Tower" that has been passed down through the ages: "In the past, people have taken the Yellow Crane to go, and the Yellow Crane Tower is empty here. The yellow crane is gone, and the white clouds are empty. Qingchuan calendar Hanyang tree, fragrant grass and parrot island. Where is the sunset township, and the Yanbo River makes people worried. Later, Li Bai also climbed the Yellow Crane Tower, looking at Chutian, open-minded, and poetic, when he was about to write a poem, he saw Cui Hao's poem, and he was ashamed to say: "There is a scene in front of me, and Cui Hao's inscription poem is above." Cui Hao inscribed a poem, Li Bai put down his pen, and since then he has become famous.

In 1957, when the Wuchang approach bridge of the Yangtze River Bridge was built, the old site of the Yellow Crane was occupied, and now the reconstructed Yellow Crane Tower is about 1 km away from the old site on the peak of Snake Mountain. The building has a total of five floors, 50.4 meters high, with a spire, layers of cornices, and all four looks like one. Around the main building, there are also buildings such as Shengxiang Pagoda, Tablet Gallery, and Mountain Gate. The whole building has a unique national style.

Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, the styles of the layers are different. The ground floor is a tall and spacious hall, the caisson in the middle of it is as high as more than 10 meters, the front wall is a huge "white cloud and yellow crane" ceramic mural, and the columns on both sides are hung with a couplet of up to 7 meters: the refreshing air comes from the west, and the clouds and mist sweep away the world and shake; The great river goes east, and the waves wash away the sorrows of the past and the present. On the front wall of the hall on the second floor, there is a marble engraved "Yellow Crane Tower" written by Yan Bojin in the Tang Dynasty, which records the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and celebrity anecdotes. There are two murals on both sides of the building, one is "Sun Quan built the city", and the image shows the history of the birth of the Yellow Crane Tower and Wuchang City; The other is "Zhou Yu Banquet", reflecting the activities of celebrities from the Three Kingdoms going to the Yellow Crane Tower. The murals in the hall on the third floor are the "embroidered portraits" of celebrities in the Tang and Song dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, etc., and also excerpt the famous sentences of their chanting of the Yellow Crane Tower. The hall on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, and contemporary celebrity calligraphy and paintings are built-in for visitors to enjoy and buy. The hall on the top floor has long scrolls and murals such as "Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River". Walking out of the outer corridor of the hall on the fifth floor, you can see all around. It is nearly 90 meters above the river level, and the scenery on both sides of the river is vividly in sight, which is refreshing and pleasant. The area of Snake Mountain, where the Yellow Crane Tower is located, is set up as the Yellow Crane Tower Park. Many flowers and trees are planted, and there are some archways, pavilions, pavilions, corridors and other buildings. There is a poetry tablet gallery, which houses many stones engraved with the works of famous poets of the past dynasties, and the ancient scenic spots in the area of Snake Mountain will be restored one after another. The Yellow Crane Tower will become an icon of Wuhan, the central city located in the heart of our country.

● Yueyang Building

Yueyang Tower is located in the west of Yueyang City, Hubei Province, standing on the city platform of 820 square meters, majestic and magnificent, is a collection of history, culture, art, tourism, architectural value in one of the ancient architectural boutique. Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan and the Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, it is called the "Three Famous Buildings in the South of the Yangtze River" in China, and together with Dongting Lake and Junshan, it is called "Yueyang Tower-Dongting Lake" Scenic Area. In January 1998, Yueyang Tower was identified by the State Council as a national key cultural relics protection unit; "Yueyang Tower - Dongting Lake Scenic Area" was designated as a national key scenic spot in August 1998. It is the only scenic spot in Hunan on the eighth golden tourism line of the country, and its name is ancient and modern, and it is famous at home and abroad. Yueyang Tower was built around 220 Yuan A.D., more than 1700 years ago, and was used as a military building in Lusu during the Three Kingdoms period; In the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was called Baling City Tower; In the early Tang Dynasty, it was also called the South Building; After Li Bai wrote poems in the Tang Dynasty, it was called Yueyang Tower, to 1045 A.D., in the spring of the fourth year of Qingli, Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower, and invited Fan Zhong to make "Yueyang Tower" embedded in the second floor, since then, Yueyang Tower has a great reputation. Yueyang Tower

Yueyang building adopts pure wood structure, its shape because of the exposed wooden beams and columns, components, decoration has a beautiful line of expression, its protective wood component surface of the paint to the building structure to give a rich color beauty, these fully show the unique national style of ancient Chinese architecture, condense the wisdom and exquisite artistic ability of the Chinese working people, in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture, materials science, technology and other aspects have amazing achievements, in the history of human civilization will always be dazzling. Walking into the gate of Yueyanglou Park, the first thing you see is a couplet with blue characters on a black background: "Dongting Tianxia Water, Yueyang Tianxia Tower". It highly encompasses the beautiful scenery of Dongting Water and the immortal landscape of famous buildings through the ages. Passing through the ancient and tall city gate, the left side is the rockery and the stele corridor, the stele corridor is engraved in 1984 when the overhaul was added, divided into four columns to display, namely: the memorial stele, the inscription before the Republic of China, the stele of today's people, the miscellaneous stele, these records not only show the history of Yueyang to the world, but also give people the edification of history and culture. Turn back from the stele, come to the entrance of the city gate, cross the city gate, go down the stone ladder, and then arrive at a platform by the water, which is the "point general platform" of the three kingdom generals Lu Su ordered the troops at that time. Not far from the south side of Dianjiangtai, there is a series of large iron chains and the "Huaifu Pavilion" with Comrade Zhu De's inscription. It is said that the large iron flail is used to block the river and unload the enemy; "Huaifu Pavilion" is that Du Fu was in Baling, although he was poor, he still left immortal poems such as "Ascending Yueyang Tower" for the descendants of Yueyang, and later died in Yueyang. The people of Yueyang commemorate Du Fu, so they build this pavilion.

Leaving Huaifu Pavilion and going up the stairs to the Antarctic Xiaoxiang Gate, you will come to the main attractions of Yueyanglou Park - Yueyang Tower and the three drunken pavilions and Xianmei pavilions on both sides. The Three Drunken Pavilion is located on the north side of Yueyang Tower, and it is said that Lu Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, has been to Yueyang three times, and has been fascinated by the beautiful mountains and waters here, and each time he gets drunk. In 1755, when the Xianmei Pavilion was rebuilt, people added a pavilion in the drunken place and called it "Wangxian Pavilion", and in 1987, when it was rebuilt, it was renamed "Three Drunken Pavilions". The fairy plum pavilion in the south of Yueyang Building, according to legend, when rebuilding Yueyang Building during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty, excavated a stone slab, the stone slab is white like jade, there is a branch of withered plum on one side, looming twenty-four calyxes, the texture is vigorous, such as the immortal family painted, people think it is a fairy trace, then build a small pavilion, stand in the stone, to commemorate. The main building, Yueyang Building, has a long history, and many literati and scholars gather here to chant poems and praise. Yueyang Tower has been repeatedly destroyed and repaired in history. The most recent overhaul was in 1983, and after the overhaul, the structure has been completely restored, and the overall view is majestic and magnificent. The whole building structure, exquisite craftsmanship, dignified shape, its architecture and style can be summarized as "pure wood, four columns, three floors, cornices". The middle 4 nanmu are covered by the ceiling and bear most of the gravity of the building, and the whole building is supported by Hangen columns and 20 columns. Restrained by each other, wishful arches, stacked opposites, arch supporting the building. The shape of the building item resembles the helmet of the ancient general, commonly known as the helmet. It is rare in the architecture of the past dynasties, and it is also worthy of being an artistic treasure left by the ancients!

The furnishings in Yueyang Building are unique. The famous floor hangs the couplets written by famous artists of the past dynasties. The first and second floors are embedded with a carved screen of "The Story of Yueyang Tower", and the carved screen on the first floor is a copy of the 19th century AD; The carved screen embedded on the second floor is written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher in the eighteenth century, the shape of the character is square, the pen is strong and the technical method is changeable, the lion man is ingenious, and it is a first-class treasure for the world. The carved screen embedded on the third floor is Mao Zedong's book Du Fu's poem "Ascending Yueyang Tower", the penmanship is vigorous and unrestrained, and the god and form are both. The carved screen is dazzling and shining.

● Tengwang Pavilion

Tengwang Pavilion is located in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, along the river road, Ganjiang River. Tang Gaozong Yonghui four years (653 years) Tang Taizong Li Shimin's younger brother, Teng King Li Yuanying was built when he was governor of Hongzhou, so it was named Tengwang Pavilion, the scale of the original pavilion is very large, nine zhang high, a total of three layers. It is eight zhang and six feet long from east to west, four zhang and five feet wide from north to south, and is famous for Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng".

On September 9 of the second year of Shangyuan (675), Yan Bo, the governor of Hongzhou, feasted guests here, and Wang Bo happened to pass by Nanchang and was also invited. Yan Ben planned to ask his son-in-law to write a preface to the pavilion to praise the guest, but first Teng Wangge ordered someone to take out a pen and paper, and pretended to invite the guests present to write a preface for Teng Wangge, and people knew Yan's intentions and deliberately humbled. Prevarication is not written. When it came to Wang Bo, the youngest guest was unceremonious and happily wrote. Seeing this, Yan Dudu was very dissatisfied, angrily left his seat and waved his sleeves, and asked someone to monitor Wang Bo's composition and report it at any time. Wang Bo began to write: "Nanchang Ancient County, Hongdu New Mansion", Yan Wenbao laughed: "It's just a cliché". Then he reported: "The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu." Yan said contemptuously, "It's nothing more than some old things." He also reported: "The three rivers and the five lakes are lifted, and the barbarian Jing is controlled and the Ouyue is introduced." Yan was silent when he heard this. Then several people came to report in succession, and Yan couldn't help nodding again and again. When it was reported that "the falling glow and the lonely bird fly together, and the autumn water grows together in the sky", Yan couldn't help but jump up and praise the sun. The guests and friends were all impressed. After the full text was written, Yan's son-in-law spoke, saying that this was an article that had been written by his predecessors, and that it was not enough to worry about, and then he memorized the "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng" word for word, which made the people present also amazed at his extraordinary memory. After hearing this, Wang Bo also secretly admired, but he had an idea and asked: "There is a poem after the preface, can you also memorize the poem?" When the son-in-law heard this, he couldn't help but stammer. Wang Bo waved his pen and wrote the poem: "King Teng's high pavilion is near Jiangzhu, and Pei Yuming Luan sings and dances." The painting Dong flew to the south of Puyun, and Emperor Zhu rolled up in the western mountains at dusk. The shadow of Xianyuntan is long, and the stars change a few degrees of autumn. Where is the emperor in the pavilion now, and the Yangtze River is empty outside the threshold. ”

After Wang Bo wrote the "Preface to the Pavilion of King Teng", this pavilion has been passed down through the ages. It lasted more than 1,300 years, repeatedly destroyed 28 times in successive dynasties, destroyed in 1926 by military disaster, only a "Tengwang Pavilion" bluestone plaque remains. After several years of hard work by the citizens of Nanchang, in 1989, the Double Ninth Festival, Tengwang Pavilion finally re-established on the shore of the Ganjiang River.

Now the overall layout of Tengwang Pavilion has undergone great changes, and it has formed a large-scale, complete supporting facilities of antique buildings in the west of Nanchang City. Enter from the east Rongmen intersection, a tall four-pillar seven-floor Song-style painted archway opens its warm mind to greet you, 50 meters inside, through a row of antique shops of Biwadan column, it enters the Tengwang Pavilion Park, the wide pavilion square sets off a towering and sublime, Tengwang Pavilion will be completely displayed in front of your eyes. This is based on the sketch drawn by the ancient architect Liang Sicheng in 1942, and with reference to the Song painting "Tengwang Pavilion" in the "Tianlai Pavilion". The main building of Tengwang Pavilion is 9 floors, with a net height of 57.5 meters and a construction area of 15,000 square meters. The lower part is a large pedestal of about 11 meters high that symbolizes the ancient city wall, the pedestal takes the format of "three bright and seven dark" on the pedestal, its two wings are symmetrical first-class high platforms, the upper part of the high platform is the verandah, and the south end of the verandah is the "pressing river pavilion". The north end is the "Rucui" pavilion. The main building Danzhu is a blue tile, the eaves of the painting building, the bucket arches are stacked, the doors and windows are clear, its façade is like a "mountain" word that stands against the sky, and the plane is like a big Kunpeng that spreads its wings and wants to fly.

Tengwang Pavilion has always been a place for literati to chant poems, singing and dancing feasts, therefore, the furnishings in the newly built Tengwang Pavilion all highlight the characteristics of cultural pavilions. The gold-pasted "Tengwang Pavilion" is the ink of Su Shi, and the stainless steel long couplet at the main entrance is "Luoxia and the lonely dragon fly together, and the autumn water is the same color as the sky" is Mao Zedong's handwriting. The rest of the plaques, couplets, or collection of the essence of the ancients' calligraphy, or for today's famous treasures, all kinds of large-scale murals, reliefs, all reflect the theme of "Wuhua Tianbao", "outstanding people". The white marble relief "The Wind Sends Teng Wang Pavilion" reproduces the demeanor of Wang Bo, the head of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty"; Ancient bells, musical instruments, bronze offerings, ritual vessels, etc., add to the quaint atmosphere of the new pavilion.

Ascend the pavilion to overview, the spring breeze and autumn moon are in full view, the antique commercial street can be seen in the near roundabouts, the staggered falls, the west side of the Ganjiang River, the Fujiang River is the confluence, the distance is long and thousands of miles, the west mountain is horizontal, the Nanpu Feiyun, the long bridge is lying on the wave, it is refreshing and pleasant.

● Penglai Pavilion

Penglai Pavilion is located in the west of Yantai City, Shandong Province, is located in the north of Penglai City on the Danya Mountain, since ancient times there is a "fairyland" said, and the Yellow Crane Tower, Yueyang Tower, Tengwang Pavilion and called the four famous buildings in the country. According to the literature, the Dragon King Palace and the Mida Temple were built here in the Tang Dynasty; In 1061 during the Song Dynasty, Penglai Pavilion was built by the county shou Zhu for people to visit; In the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1589, Governor Li Dai operated the construction of a number of additional buildings near Penglai Pavilion; In 1819, Yang Fengchang and Liu Qinghe, the chief soldier, presided over the expansion, so that Penglai Pavilion had its current scale. Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty came to the Shandong Peninsula many times, climbed the Danya Mountain that burst into the Bohai Sea, and sought the "Penglai Wonderland", and later generations called this Danya Mountain Penglai. Danya Mountain stands on the seashore like a fairyland, and the side near the sea is a steep cliff, and the texture of the mountain rock is dark red, so it has this name. Penglai Pavilion

Penglai Pavilion was built on the top of the mountain. Looking from afar, the pavilions and palaces are hidden in the green trees, standing high on the mountain cliffs, just like the fairy palace in mythology. Your Excellency Penglai has an exquisite structure and a peculiar shape of the fairy bridge, which is the place where the eight immortals cross the sea in mythology; On the east side, there are Shangqing Palace, Lu Zu Palace, Puzhao Building and Guanlan Pavilion, etc.; The west chamber is the shelter pavilion, the Tianhou Temple (commonly known as the Niangniang Palace), the theater and the Dragon King Palace. These pavilions are high and low, and Penglai Pavilion is integrated, collectively referred to as "Penglai Pavilion". "Penglai Pavilion" is an area of 32,800 square meters, construction area of 18,960 square meters of huge ancient buildings (more than 100 in total), pavilions and palaces are appropriately distributed, the building gardens complement each other, each because of the topography, coordination is spectacular, the mountain is blue and the sea is blue, the breeze is pleasant, and then it becomes a famous tourist area all over the world. In 1982, the State Council announced that Shuicheng and Penglai Pavilion were national key cultural relics protection units.

Each building of Penglai Pavilion is surrounded by a variety of styles of pavilions and palaces, like the stars and the moon. The layout of the pavilion is ingenious, and it is completely formed; Layered and scattered. The inscriptions of the couplets in each pavilion hall are dazzling. The main pavilion of Penglai Pavilion is a double-storey wooden structure building, with red windows and Zhu households, flying eaves and tiles, carved beams and painted buildings, simple and magnificent. Ascend the main pavilion, look around by the railing, the light gauze-like clouds and mist wrap around your Excellency, the pavilions and palaces appear from time to time in the shadowing, so that people have a sense of extraordinary birth.

Built in the Ming Dynasty, the water city Penglai Pavilion tourist area also includes the "water city". Penglai Water City is also known as Beiwei City, under the Danya Mountain, along the Danya cliff to the south, about 3 miles around, in the middle is an artificial lake. The south gate of the water city is connected with the land route, and the north gate is called the water gate, which is the mouth of the sea. The water gate is equipped with a huge gate, which is usually hung high, and large and small ships can enter and exit unimpeded; If something happens, the gate will be lowered and the sea passage will be cut off. On the east and west sides of the water gate, there are one fort each, which are horns of each other, controlling the nearby sea. The water city was originally built in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376), and then it was renovated and expanded many times, forming a complete and strict maritime defense system. Qi Jiguang, a Ming general of the Ming Dynasty, once trained the navy here, commanded the anti-Japanese struggle along the coast, and cleared the Japanese troubles. Two ancient warships are parked in the city to receive visitors to sail in the water city and enjoy the majestic scenery of the water city.