How did the Harappan civilization disappear

In general, historians believe that the civilization of ancient India began in the Vedic era in the late 1000 BC. However, according to the latest archaeological data, ancient India has been inhabited by people throughout the prehistoric period until the emergence of modern human civilization, and once had a splendid and brilliant culture.

In the early 19th century, many ancient artifacts were unearthed at Harappa in the Punjab region of India, along with two seals, which attracted the attention of archaeologists to ancient Indian civilization.

In 1922, when Indian archaeologists were carrying out archaeology, under an ancient Buddhist pagoda in Sindh region, they found the ruins of an ancient city that had long been covered by dust for thousands of years - Mohenzo Daro, and at the same time, seals and antiquities similar to those in Harappa region were unearthed.

In the 1820s, a group of British archaeologists discovered a new ancient civilization in the Indus Valley, the Harappa civilization, which had flourished here for centuries but had suddenly declined.

Among the ancient city remains unearthed in the Indus Valley, the design is extremely complex, and the cultural relics are colorful and exquisite, so that people can see the highly developed culture of ancient India as one of the cradles of world civilization. Later, a number of cultural sites were unearthed one after another, and people called them collectively "Harappan culture".

In the existing literature, there is no record of the Harappa culture, which is a long forgotten culture. It is speculated from the unearthed seals that between 2350 and 1770 BC, the Indus Valley and the Mesopotamia Valley people had close commercial contacts. From this, it is further inferred that the Harappan civilization should have emerged between 2300 and 1750 BC.

The discovery of these seals with various writing symbols indicates that the Harappan civilization at that time has entered the civilization period to a certain extent. After further study of the Harappan civilization, archaeologists found that agriculture, commerce and handicraft industry had developed considerably during this period.

After further investigation of the ruins of the city of Mohenzo Daro, archaeologists found that the city has a very orderly traffic network, and has a relatively perfect network of pipelines, the total area of the city is about 850,000 square meters, and the population of about 35,000 people. The rich cultural heritage of Harappa and Mohenjodaro shows that the Indus Valley was already highly civilized.

There is no written interpretation of the Harappan civilization, so the creator of this civilization is not certain, some people think that the Sumerians or Aryan, Dravidians created the Harappan civilization, but these speculations have never been confirmed.

But the already highly civilized culture, which had flourished for centuries, suddenly declined in 1750 BC. Since then, the light of Harappan civilization has been extinguished. How this ancient civilization went from prosperity to destruction has puzzled scholars.

Some scholars attribute the decline of the Harappan civilization to various natural disasters. But obviously, natural disasters are not enough to prove everything. How can cities spread over such a vast area be destroyed by a single natural disaster? Other scholars believe that man-made natural destruction, or due to the abundance of urban civilization to attract foreign invasion, only caused the complete fall of civilization.

However, there is not enough evidence to support any of the reasons for the decline of the Harappan culture, and the reason for its sudden decline is a mystery.